Wall Tile

How to Install Wall and Countertop Tile

Step 1: Surface Preparation

Tile may be installed over most structurally-sound substrates, if they are clean, smooth, dry, and free of wax, soap scum, and grease. Any damaged, loose, or uneven areas must be repaired, patched, and leveled. Remove any moldings, trim, etc. which could interfere with installation.

Step 2: Wall Layout

Begin by finding the center point of the wall, using a level to draw a plumb line in the wall's center. Lay out a row of loose tiles across the bottom of the wall from the center line, leaving uniform joints between tiles. If this layout leaves cuts smaller than 1/2 tile, adjust center line 1/2 tile closer to the side wall. Next, determine the lowest point of the floor or tub, using a level horizontally. Stack two tiles here, and at the top draw a horizontal line on the wall. With the level, continue the line around all side walls to be tiled. This is a guide line for the first row of tiles to be set above.

Step 3: Countertop Layout

Begin with counter trim, then set full tiles from the first row working back — thus all cut tiles will be placed on the back row against the wall. Trim pieces are available for use around recessed appliances. Snap parallel chalk lines on the substrate as needed to keep rows straight. Tile countertops should have a tile backsplash at least 4" high for protection. For backsplashes, match up joints with the countertop tile. Begin with full tiles working up from countertop — this way, cut tiles will be at the top under cabinets. Use bullnose trim pieces on flat walls or sides.

Step 4: Applying Adhesive

Select the right adhesive for the substrate you're using. Carefully read and follow all instructions and precautions on the adhesive or mortar package. Mix only enough to be used within 30 minutes. Mark outside tile lines on the walls which will not be completely tiled, to guide in adhesive application. Using the type of trowel recommended on the adhesive package, spread a 1/4" coat on the surface, using the flat side of the trowel. Do not cover guide lines. Next, use the notched side of the trowel to comb adhesive into standing ridges by holding the trowel at a 45-degree angle. Then remove excess adhesive, leaving a uniform, ridged setting bed. Don't spread a larger area than can be set in 15 minutes.

Step 5: Cutting Tile

Measure tiles to be cut carefully and mark with a pencil or felt-tip pen. Make straight or diagonal cuts with a tile cutter, curved cuts with a nipper (chipping away small pieces for best results), and full-length curved cuts with a rod saw. Sharp-cut edges may be smoothed with a carborundum stone.

Step 6: Setting Tile

Variation of shades is an inherent characteristic of ceramic tile -- mix tiles from several cartons as you set.

Step 7: Grouting Joints

Generally, you should wait about 24 hours to grout joints.

(Courtesy of Dal-tile)